deichmann



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS DEICHMANN, OF CASSEL, GERMANY.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,005, dated April 23, 1889.

Application filed September 18, 1888. Serial No. 285,762. (No model.) Patented in Germany June 28, 1887, No. 43,274; in France August 31, 1887,No.185,592, and in Belgium February 6, 1888,110. 80,533.

To all whom it nwg concern.-

Be it known that I, LOUIs DEICHMANN, a citizen of Germany, residing at Cassel, in Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in AstronomicalApparatus, (for which the following foreign patents have been obtained: France, Patent No. 185,592, dated 31st of August, 1887; Germany, Patent No. 4 3,271, dated June 28,1887, and Belgium, Patent No. 80,533, dated February 6,1888,) of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to an apparatus for indicating the rotation and movements of the globes or spheres of the planetary system. Such apparatuses are generally known under the names of tellurium, planetarium, and lunarium.

The improved instrument c nstituting the invention consists of a clock mechanism by which motion is communicated from the said mechanism and an astronomical dial and indeX. The casing, which may be of wood, metal, or other suitable material, contains the clock-work, which must be wound up at intervals and may or may not be provided with a striking arrangement and with a dial indicating hours, minutes, and seconds, the said clock-work being otherwise of any ordinary reliable construction.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical sect-ion in which is shown the principal features of my invention. Fig. 2 repesents a plan view of the dial.

The a1 )paratus by which movement is transmitted from the clock-work consists of ametal base-platc, A, into which a vertical spindle, 13, is stepped or screwed, the said spindle having around it two loose sleeves or spindles, U D, one of which is within the other. The upper end of the spindle 13 is screwed into an. elliptical disk, E, the periphery or boundary of which represents the elliptical orbit of the earth, and the said spindle also supports the sun-globe S on a vertically-proj ect-ing axis or rod which is so cranked as to indicate the eccentric positions oi the sun to the center of the whole system. The sleeves C D are supported by adjustable collars R- B, one of which is fixed by a set-pin to the shaft A per- B and the other to the sleeve C.

portion of the upper end of the sleeve D supports the arm F in such a manner that the arm may be shifted right and left a distance equal to the difference of the longer and the shorter radius of the elliptical orbit of the earth. The long arm of the arm F carries an upturned bracket, G, which supports a spur-wheel, A, the latter being geared by a pin, D, with a sleeve, 0, which carries and operates the moon-globe M. The bracket G also serves to support and guide shaft 75 and sleeve t one of which is hollow and passes over the other, both being carried by the arm F. The upper end of the inner shat't has a cranked arm or disk, a, secured to it, the bent or inclined part of the said arm or disk lying at an angle of twenty-three and one-half degrees to the horizontal part, and in the said inclined part and at right angles thereto there is secured a rod or axis, t, which so supports the earth-globe T that the earth-axis is truly inclined to the elliptic orbit of the earth.

The short arm F of the arm 1 is bent up at right angles and supports a spindle carrying the helical spring 2!, fixed at one end to the center shaft,l3,whilc its other end presses against the upturned end of the lever, and so causes the pinion A to be pressed against the toothed circumference of the elliptical disk E. The helical spring a is carried on a red one end of which is supported 'by the shaft 13 and its other end by the arm F, and on the projecting end of the said rod a small wheel or roller, it, is secured, which wheel, bearing on the under side of the elliptical disk E, serves to keep the arm F always parallel to the said disk.

The motion of the parts hercinbctore described is effected as follows:

Role/ion 0f the earth on its on)? (."c s. From the clock-work there extends a horizontal transmission-shaft, K, which makes one revolution in twelve hours. The said shaft K rests in bracket 11 and has at its inner end a spur-wheel, C geared with a wheel, 0, secured on the sleeve 0. The wheel C has twice as many teeth as the crown-wheel C and therefore makes one revolution for every two of the latter wheel, one revolution of the larger wheel, C, being consequently equal to twenty-four-h0ursthat is, to one sidereal day. On the upper end of the sleeve 0 another horizontal toothed wheel is secured, and a like wheel, n is fixed on the sleeve t the crown-Wheels n and n being of equal size with the wheel O.- The upper end of the shaft 15 has a small spur-wheel, 0, upon its gearing, with a spur-wheel, 0 secured on the earths axis t. Motion is transmitted from the center shaft, 13, to the earths axis t through a shaft, n carried in bearings q and 19, secured to the horizontal arm F, pinions n n gearing,'respectively, with the wheels n n being secured on the shaft n arrangement of gearing earth is .caused to make one revolution in twenty-four hours on its own axis from right to left, and the gear follows the elliptical motion of the lever F, the pinion n sliding backward and forward in the teeth of the wheel n.

Motions of the earth round the sun-The transmission-shaft K has a second spur-wheel, J, with twelve teeth, geared with a spur-wheel, J, of six times its diameter-i. e., with seventy-two teeth so that the wheel J, making with the shaft K one revolution in twelve hours, the lai'ge wheel J will make a revolution in six times twelve hoursthat is, in three sidereal days. The spur-wheel J is carried on a shaft, Q, revolving in the bracket H, and the said shaft also carries a worm, J which gears with a worm-wheel, J with one hundred and twenty-two teeth, fixed to the lower end of the sleeve D; By the rotation of the Worm the worm-wheel J is rotated one tooth in three sidereal daysthat is to .say, it

makes a complete rotation in three hundred and sixty-six sidereal days, or in a tropical leap year. The sleeve D therefore makes one revolution with the arm F, carrying the earth and the moon, in course of one year, in a direction from right to left, round the sun. The helical spring 20 at the end F of the arm F causes the wheel A on the sleeve t to be kept in gear with the pinion of the elliptical disk E, so as to maintain the elliptical orhit of the earth secured on the double shaftt t. It will be observed that the upper end of sleeve D is flattened and passes through a slot in the arm F. During medium tropical time that is, excepting in, leap years-the whole mechanism must be put forward twenty-four hours after having passed the 28th day of February, in order that the positions may be precisely indicated.

Maintenance of proper inclination of the earths axis to the plane of its orbit-The properinclinations of the earths axisname- 1y, twenty-three and one-half degrees to a line perpendicular to the plane of the orbit-is maintained by mechanism fixed to the top of the bracket H and independent of the center shaft. The said wheel has geared with it a pinion, 19, secured on a shaft, 19 which also carries another pinion, p geared wit-h a wheel, P, on the lower end of the shaft t,

which carries on its upper end the inclined By this arm or disk a, supporting the earths axis. The teeth of the wheel Nare. on its upper and those of the wheel P on its lower face. This gear is by the spring w also caused to follow the elliptical motion of the arm F, the teeth of the pinion p sliding backward and forward in the teeth of' the fixed wheel N, and as the lever moves in a direction of from right to left around the center shaft, B, the said gearing transmits rotary motion in the opposite direction to the elliptic arm or disk a and to the earth globe, whereby the inclination of the earths axis to the plane of the earths orbit is maintained unchanged.

Motion of the moon around its axis and around the earth.-The tooth-wheel A, supported loosely on the sleeve 25 makes one revolution in'twenty-nine and one-half days,

and the said wheel being geared by the pin D with the collar or sleeve G which is not affected by'the elliptical disk E, the said collar causes the moon to rotate on its axis and around the earth. The Wheel A also gears with a wheel, B, the circumference of Y which is of such a size it makes one revolu tion in a direction contrary to wheel A in twenty-seven days, five hours, five minutes, and thirty-six seconds. The upper surface of this wheel has an inclination of five and onehalf degrees, (equal to the inclination of the moons orbit to the orbit of the earth,) and on this inclined surface the lower face of the collar or sleeve C is pressed downward by the spring f. One revolution of the wheel A therefore causes a revolution of the moon on its axis and around the earth in twenty-nine days, twelve hours, forty-four minutes, and three seconds, (which is equal to one synodical month,) while the Wheel B causes the moon to rise and sink five and one-half degrees in twenty-seven days, five hours, five minutes, and thirty-six seconds, (equal to one dragon month.)

The nodes of the moon course advance by equal intervals in a direction from east to West and eifect the changes in eclipses.

The improved astronomical indicator consist-s of a dial whose outline exactly corresponds to the earths orbit and whose surface is divided from the center to the circumference into, first, division of the ecliptic into three hundred and sixty degrees second, division of the calendar into three hundred and sixtysix days; third, division into twelve months; fourth, the twelve signs of the zodiac in pictures and astronomical signs.

The inner part of the dial represents the courses of the planets Venus and Mercury; also, the center of the system and the eccentric position of the sun and the seasons of the year in succession are or may be distinguished by shading indicated with graphic and mathematical correctness.

The earth and moon globes or spheres above represented in size as it appears by observation from the medium distance of the earth. The sun can also be represented by a light.

Above the dial there is a pointer, Z, fixed on the axis 13 of the sun, and which has a slot at its fulcrum of a length equal to the difference between the major and minor axis. This pointer is also provided with a circular openin g at its indicating end and through which the shafts t t and collar or sleeve 0" pass. In the movement of the earth round the sun the pointer is thus caused to travel with it and indicate through its opening on thescale the degree of the elliptic division, also with its point the calendar days, months, and sign of the zodiac which the earth passes on its course round the sun.

I claim 1. The combination consisting of the clock mechanism, the rotary shaft K, pinion J, gearwheel J toothed wheel C crown-wheel C, sleeve C, rotary shaft B, crown-wheel 72, pinion n', support or journal 1), arbor or shaft or, support or journal q, pinion n crown-wheel 01 sleeve sleeve u, spring f, support G, and the spheres M. and S, helical spring; a, wheel w, and arm F, and collar R, substantiallyas shown and described.

2. The combination consisting of the clock mechanism, the shaft K, pinion J, Wheel J, worm J worm-wheel J sleeve 1), crownwheel N, pinion p, arbor or shaft p pinion p crown-wheel P shaft '15, and wheels a, sphere T, and axis t, wheels 0' 0 elliptical disk E, the indicator Z, dial E, and collar R, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination consisting of the clock mechanism, the rotary shaft K, gear-wheels J J, pinion C crown-wheel C, shaft B, worm and wheel J 2 J sleeves C D, crown-wheels N n, pinions a p, shafts or arbors n p arm F, pinions n 19 crown-wheels n P shaft and sleeve 25 t support G, spring f, wheels (0 0 0 sleeve 10, axis t, spheres T M S, indicator Z, dial E, helical spring 10, shaft Q, and bracket ll. and plate A, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LOUIS DEIOHMANN. lVitnesses:

G. MILEZENsKI, L. MASCHMANN. 

